usage: /usr/bin/bwrap [OPTIONS...] [--] COMMAND [ARGS...]
--help Print this help
--version Print version
--args FD Parse NUL-separated args from FD
--argv0 VALUE Set argv[0] to the value VALUE before running the program
--level-prefix Prepend e.g. <3> to diagnostic messages
--unshare-all Unshare every namespace we support by default
--share-net Retain the network namespace (can only combine with --unshare-all)
--unshare-user Create new user namespace (may be automatically implied if not root)
--unshare-user-try Create new user namespace if possible else continue by skipping it
--unshare-ipc Create new ipc namespace
--unshare-pid Create new pid namespace
--unshare-net Create new network namespace
--unshare-uts Create new uts namespace
--unshare-cgroup Create new cgroup namespace
--unshare-cgroup-try Create new cgroup namespace if possible else continue by skipping it
--userns FD Use this user namespace (cannot combine with --unshare-user)
--userns2 FD After setup switch to this user namespace, only useful with --userns
--disable-userns Disable further use of user namespaces inside sandbox
--assert-userns-disabled Fail unless further use of user namespace inside sandbox is disabled
--pidns FD Use this pid namespace (as parent namespace if using --unshare-pid)
--uid UID Custom uid in the sandbox (requires --unshare-user or --userns)
--gid GID Custom gid in the sandbox (requires --unshare-user or --userns)
--hostname NAME Custom hostname in the sandbox (requires --unshare-uts)
--chdir DIR Change directory to DIR
--clearenv Unset all environment variables
--setenv VAR VALUE Set an environment variable
--unsetenv VAR Unset an environment variable
--lock-file DEST Take a lock on DEST while sandbox is running
--sync-fd FD Keep this fd open while sandbox is running
--bind SRC DEST Bind mount the host path SRC on DEST
--bind-try SRC DEST Equal to --bind but ignores non-existent SRC
--dev-bind SRC DEST Bind mount the host path SRC on DEST, allowing device access
--dev-bind-try SRC DEST Equal to --dev-bind but ignores non-existent SRC
--ro-bind SRC DEST Bind mount the host path SRC readonly on DEST
--ro-bind-try SRC DEST Equal to --ro-bind but ignores non-existent SRC
--bind-fd FD DEST Bind open directory or path fd on DEST
--ro-bind-fd FD DEST Bind open directory or path fd read-only on DEST
--remount-ro DEST Remount DEST as readonly; does not recursively remount
--overlay-src SRC Read files from SRC in the following overlay
--overlay RWSRC WORKDIR DEST Mount overlayfs on DEST, with RWSRC as the host path for writes and
WORKDIR an empty directory on the same filesystem as RWSRC
--tmp-overlay DEST Mount overlayfs on DEST, with writes going to an invisible tmpfs
--ro-overlay DEST Mount overlayfs read-only on DEST
--exec-label LABEL Exec label for the sandbox
--file-label LABEL File label for temporary sandbox content
--proc DEST Mount new procfs on DEST
--dev DEST Mount new dev on DEST
--tmpfs DEST Mount new tmpfs on DEST
--mqueue DEST Mount new mqueue on DEST
--dir DEST Create dir at DEST
--file FD DEST Copy from FD to destination DEST
--bind-data FD DEST Copy from FD to file which is bind-mounted on DEST
--ro-bind-data FD DEST Copy from FD to file which is readonly bind-mounted on DEST
--symlink SRC DEST Create symlink at DEST with target SRC
--seccomp FD Load and use seccomp rules from FD (not repeatable)
--add-seccomp-fd FD Load and use seccomp rules from FD (repeatable)
--block-fd FD Block on FD until some data to read is available
--userns-block-fd FD Block on FD until the user namespace is ready
--info-fd FD Write information about the running container to FD
--json-status-fd FD Write container status to FD as multiple JSON documents
--new-session Create a new terminal session
--die-with-parent Kills with SIGKILL child process (COMMAND) when bwrap or bwrap's parent dies.
--as-pid-1 Do not install a reaper process with PID=1
--cap-add CAP Add cap CAP when running as privileged user
--cap-drop CAP Drop cap CAP when running as privileged user
--perms OCTAL Set permissions of next argument (--bind-data, --file, etc.)
--size BYTES Set size of next argument (only for --tmpfs)
--chmod OCTAL PATH Change permissions of PATH (must already exist)
--not-a-security-boundary Do not fail hard when some sandbox setup steps fail;
use only when the sandbox is not a security boundary
Options (67)
| Option | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|
--help | Print this help | help |
--version | Print version | help |
--args FD | Parse NUL-separated args from FD | help |
--argv0 VALUE | Set argv[0] to the value VALUE before running the program | help |
--level-prefix | Prepend e.g. <3> to diagnostic messages | help |
--unshare-all | Unshare every namespace we support by default | help |
--share-net | Retain the network namespace (can only combine with --unshare-all) | help |
--unshare-user | Create new user namespace (may be automatically implied if not root) | help |
--unshare-user-try | Create new user namespace if possible else continue by skipping it | help |
--unshare-ipc | Create new ipc namespace | help |
--unshare-pid | Create new pid namespace | help |
--unshare-net | Create new network namespace | help |
--unshare-uts | Create new uts namespace | help |
--unshare-cgroup | Create new cgroup namespace | help |
--unshare-cgroup-try | Create new cgroup namespace if possible else continue by skipping it | help |
--userns FD | Use this user namespace (cannot combine with --unshare-user) | help |
--userns2 FD | After setup switch to this user namespace, only useful with --userns | help |
--disable-userns | Disable further use of user namespaces inside sandbox | help |
--assert-userns-disabled | Fail unless further use of user namespace inside sandbox is disabled | help |
--pidns FD | Use this pid namespace (as parent namespace if using --unshare-pid) | help |
--uid UID | Custom uid in the sandbox (requires --unshare-user or --userns) | help |
--gid GID | Custom gid in the sandbox (requires --unshare-user or --userns) | help |
--hostname NAME | Custom hostname in the sandbox (requires --unshare-uts) | help |
--chdir DIR | Change directory to DIR | help |
--clearenv | Unset all environment variables | help |
--setenv VAR | Set an environment variable | help |
--unsetenv VAR | Unset an environment variable | help |
--lock-file DEST | Take a lock on DEST while sandbox is running | help |
--sync-fd FD | Keep this fd open while sandbox is running | help |
--bind SRC | Bind mount the host path SRC on DEST | help |
--bind-try SRC | Equal to --bind but ignores non-existent SRC | help |
--dev-bind SRC | Bind mount the host path SRC on DEST, allowing device access | help |
--dev-bind-try SRC | Equal to --dev-bind but ignores non-existent SRC | help |
--ro-bind SRC | Bind mount the host path SRC readonly on DEST | help |
--ro-bind-try SRC | Equal to --ro-bind but ignores non-existent SRC | help |
--bind-fd FD | Bind open directory or path fd on DEST | help |
--ro-bind-fd FD | Bind open directory or path fd read-only on DEST | help |
--remount-ro DEST | Remount DEST as readonly; | help |
--overlay-src SRC | Read files from SRC in the following overlay | help |
--tmp-overlay DEST | Mount overlayfs on DEST, with writes going to an invisible tmpfs | help |
--ro-overlay DEST | Mount overlayfs read-only on DEST | help |
--exec-label LABEL | Exec label for the sandbox | help |
--file-label LABEL | File label for temporary sandbox content | help |
--proc DEST | Mount new procfs on DEST | help |
--dev DEST | Mount new dev on DEST | help |
--tmpfs DEST | Mount new tmpfs on DEST | help |
--mqueue DEST | Mount new mqueue on DEST | help |
--dir DEST | Create dir at DEST | help |
--file FD | Copy from FD to destination DEST | help |
--bind-data FD | Copy from FD to file which is bind-mounted on DEST | help |
--ro-bind-data FD | Copy from FD to file which is readonly bind-mounted on DEST | help |
--symlink SRC | Create symlink at DEST with target SRC | help |
--seccomp FD | Load and use seccomp rules from FD (not repeatable) | help |
--add-seccomp-fd FD | Load and use seccomp rules from FD (repeatable) | help |
--block-fd FD | Block on FD until some data to read is available | help |
--userns-block-fd FD | Block on FD until the user namespace is ready | help |
--info-fd FD | Write information about the running container to FD | help |
--json-status-fd FD | Write container status to FD as multiple JSON documents | help |
--new-session | Create a new terminal session | help |
--die-with-parent | Kills with SIGKILL child process (COMMAND) when bwrap or bwrap's parent dies. | help |
--as-pid-1 | Do not install a reaper process with PID=1 | help |
--cap-add CAP | Add cap CAP when running as privileged user | help |
--cap-drop CAP | Drop cap CAP when running as privileged user | help |
--perms OCTAL | Set permissions of next argument (--bind-data, --file, etc.) | help |
--size BYTES | Set size of next argument (only for --tmpfs) | help |
--chmod OCTAL | Change permissions of PATH (must already exist) | help |
--not-a-security-boundary | Do not fail hard when some sandbox setup steps fail; | help |