OS Manuals

/usr/bin/exim

Message Transfer Agent

From exim 4.100.1-r2 (os), captured 2026-11-05 by running exim --help (exit 1) · terse output. permalink

exim: failed to find uid for user name "exim"
Options (142)
OptionDescriptionSource
--helpThis option causes Exim to output a few sentences stating what it is.man
--versionThis option is an alias for -bV and causes version information to be displayed.man
-Acman
-Am Theseman
-atrn hostThis option requests an ODMR customer connection.man
-B typeThis is a Sendmail option for selecting 7 or 8 bit processing.man
-bdThis option runs Exim as a daemon, awaiting incoming SMTP connections.man
-bdfThis option has the same effect as -bd except that it never disconnects from the controlling terminal, even when no debugging is specified.man
-beRun Exim in expansion testing mode.man
-bem filenameThis option operates like -be except that it must be followed by the name of a file.man
-bF filenameThis option is the same as -bf except that it assumes that the filter being tested is a system filter.man
-bf filenameThis option runs Exim in user filter testing mode;man
-bfd domainThis sets the domain of the recipient address when a filter file is being tested by means of the -bf option.man
-bfl localThis sets the local part of the recipient address when a filter file is being tested by means of the -bf option.man
-bfp prefixThis sets the prefix of the local part of the recipient address when a filter file is being tested by means of the -bf option.man
-bfs suffixThis sets the suffix of the local part of the recipient address when a filter file is being tested by means of the -bf option.man
-bh IPThis option runs a fake SMTP session as if from the given IP address, using the standard input and output.man
-bhc IPThis option operates in the same way as -bh, except that address verification callouts are performed if required.man
-biSendmail interprets the -bi option as a request to rebuild its alias file.man
-bmThis option runs an Exim receiving process that accepts an incoming, locally-generated message on the standard input.man
-bmalware filenameThis debugging option causes Exim to scan the given file or directory (depending on the used scanner interface), using the malware scanning framework.man
-bnqBy default, Exim automatically qualifies unqualified addresses (those without domains) that appear in messages that are submitted locally (that is, not over TCP/IP).man
-bPIf this option is given with no arguments, it causes the values of all Exim's main configuration options to be written to the standard output.man
-bpThis option requests a listing of the contents of the mail queue on the standard output.man
-bpaThis option operates like -bp, but in addition it shows delivered addresses that were generated from the original top level address(es) in each message by alias or forwarding operations.man
-bpcThis option counts the number of messages in the queue, and writes the total to the standard output.man
-bpiThis option operates like -bp, but only outputs message ids (one per line).man
-bprThis option operates like -bp, but the output is not sorted into chronological order of message arrival.man
-bpraThis option is a combination of -bpr and -bpa.man
-bpriThis option is a combination of -bpr and -bpi.man
-bpruThis option is a combination of -bpr and -bpu.man
-bpuThis option operates like -bp but shows only undelivered top-level addresses for each message displayed.man
-brtThis option is for testing retry rules, and it must be followed by up to three arguments.man
-brwThis option is for testing address rewriting rules, and it must be followed by a single argument, consisting of either a local part without a domain, or a complete address with a fully qualified…man
-bSThis option is used for batched SMTP input, which is an alternative interface for non-interactive local message submission.man
-bsThis option causes Exim to accept one or more messages by reading SMTP commands on the standard input, and producing SMTP replies on the standard output.man
-btThis option runs Exim in address testing mode, in which each argument is taken as a recipient address to be tested for deliverability.man
-bVThis option causes Exim to write the current version number, compilation number, and compilation date of the exim binary to the standard output.man
-bvThis option runs Exim in address verification mode, in which each argument is taken as a recipient address to be verified by the routers.man
-bvsThis option acts like -bv, but verifies the address as a sender rather than a recipient address.man
-bwThis option runs Exim as a daemon, awaiting incoming SMTP connections, similarly to the -bd option.man
-C filelistThis option causes Exim to find the runtime configuration file from the given list instead of from the list specified by the CONFIGURE_FILE compile-time setting.man
-D macro>=<valueThis option can be used to override macro definitions in the configuration file.man
-d debugThis option causes debugging information to be written to the standard error stream.man
-dd debugThis option behaves exactly like -d except when used on a command that starts a daemon process.man
-dp sizeThis option sets up a debug pretrigger buffer with given size (in bytes).man
-dt valueThis option sets additional reasons for debug to trigger, over ACL-initiated triggers.man
-dSThis option enables debug during the startup of Exim, before the completion of processing the configuration file(s).man
-EThis option specifies that an incoming message is a locally-generated delivery failure report.man
-exThere are a number of Sendmail options starting with -oe which seem to be called by various programs without the leading o in the option.man
-F stringThis option sets the sender's full name for use when a locally-generated message is being accepted.man
-f addressThis option sets the address of the envelope sender of a locally-generated message (also known as the return path).man
-GThis option is equivalent to an ACL applying:man
-h numberThis option is accepted for compatibility with Sendmail, but has no effect.man
-iThis option, which has the same effect as -oi, specifies that a dot on a line by itself should not terminate an incoming, non-SMTP message.man
-L tagThis option is equivalent to setting syslog_processname in the config file and setting log_file_path to syslog.man
-M messageThis option requests Exim to run a delivery attempt on each message in turn.man
-Mar messageThis option requests Exim to add the addresses to the list of recipients of the message ("ar" for "add recipients").man
-MCAThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCDThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCdThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCG queueThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCKThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCLThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCPThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCpThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCQ processThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCq recipientThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCSThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCTThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-MCr SNIman
-MCt IPThis option is not intended for use by external callers.man
-Mc messageThis option requests Exim to run a delivery attempt on each message, in turn, but unlike the -M option, it does check for retry hints, and respects any that are found.man
-Mes messageThis option requests Exim to change the sender address in the message to the given address, which must be a fully qualified address or "<>" ("es" for "edit sender").man
-Mf messageThis option requests Exim to mark each listed message as "frozen".man
-Mg messageThis option requests Exim to give up trying to deliver the listed messages, including any that are frozen.man
-MG queueThis option requests that each listed message be moved from its current queue to the given named queue.man
-Mmad messageThis option requests Exim to mark all the recipient addresses in the messages as already delivered ("mad" for "mark all delivered").man
-Mmd messageThis option requests Exim to mark the given addresses as already delivered ("md" for "mark delivered").man
-Mrm messageThis option requests Exim to remove the given messages from the queue.man
-Mset messageThis option is useful only in conjunction with -be (that is, when testing string expansions).man
-Mt messageThis option requests Exim to "thaw" any of the listed messages that are "frozen", so that delivery attempts can resume.man
-Mvb messageThis option causes the contents of the message body (-D) spool file to be written to the standard output.man
-Mvc messageThis option causes a copy of the complete message (header lines plus body) to be written to the standard output in RFC 2822 format.man
-Mvh messageThis option causes the contents of the message headers (-H) spool file to be written to the standard output.man
-Mvl messageThis option causes the contents of the message log spool file to be written to the standard output.man
-mThis is a synonym for -om that is accepted by Sendmail (https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19457-01/801-6680-1M/801-6680-1M.pdf p.man
-NThis is a debugging option that inhibits delivery of a message at the transport level.man
-nThis option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean "no aliasing".man
-O dataThis option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean set option.man
-oA fileThis option is used by Sendmail in conjunction with -bi to specify an alternative alias filename.man
-oB nThis is a debugging option which limits the maximum number of messages that can be delivered down one SMTP connection, overriding the value set in any smtp transport.man
-oDSN optionDSN extensions (RFC 3461) will be used, if possible, on commandline-sourced messages sent when one or more of these options are used.man
-odbThis option applies to all modes in which Exim accepts incoming messages, including the listening daemon.man
-odfThis option requests "foreground" (synchronous) delivery when Exim has accepted a locally-generated message.man
-odiThis option is synonymous with -odf.man
-odqThis option applies to all modes in which Exim accepts incoming messages, including the listening daemon.man
-odqsThis option is a hybrid between -odb/-odi and -odq.man
-oeeIf an error is detected while a non-SMTP message is being received (for example, a malformed address), the error is reported to the sender in a mail message.man
-oemThis is the same as -oee, except that Exim always exits with a non-zero return code, whether or not the error message was successfully sent.man
-oepIf an error is detected while a non-SMTP message is being received, the error is reported by writing a message to the standard error file (stderr).man
-oeqThis option is supported for compatibility with Sendmail, but has the same effect as -oep.man
-oewThis option is supported for compatibility with Sendmail, but has the same effect as -oem.man
-oiThis option, which has the same effect as -i, specifies that a dot on a line by itself should not terminate an incoming, non-SMTP message.man
-oitrueThis option is treated as synonymous with -oi.man
-oMa hostA number of options starting with -oM can be used to set values associated with remote hosts on locally-submitted messages (that is, messages not received over TCP/IP).man
-oMaa nameSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMai stringSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMas addressSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMi interfaceSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMm messageSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMr protocolSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMs hostSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-oMt identSee -oMa above for general remarks about the -oM options.man
-omIn Sendmail, this option means "me too", indicating that the sender of a message should receive a copy of the message if the sender appears in an alias expansion.man
-ooThis option is ignored.man
-oP pathThis option is useful only in conjunction with -bd or -q with a time value.man
-oPXThis option is not intended for general use.man
-or timeThis option sets a timeout value for incoming non-SMTP messages.man
-os timeThis option sets a timeout value for incoming SMTP messages.man
-ovThis option has exactly the same effect as -v.man
-oX numberThis option is relevant only when the -bd (start listening daemon) option is also given.man
-oYThis option controls the creation of an inter-process communications endpoint by the Exim daemon.man
-pdThis option applies when an embedded Perl interpreter is linked with Exim.man
-psThis option applies when an embedded Perl interpreter is linked with Exim.man
-p rval>:<svalFor compatibility with Sendmail, this option is equivalent toman
-qThis option is normally restricted to admin users.man
-qqAn option starting with -qq requests a two-stage queue run.man
-qR rsflagsThis option is synonymous with -R.man
-qS rsflagsThis option is synonymous with -S.man
-R rsflagsThe <rsflags> may be empty, in which case the white space before the string is optional, unless the string is f, ff, r, rf, or rff, which are the possible values for <rsflags>.man
-rThis is a documented (for Sendmail) obsolete alternative name for -f.man
-S rsflagsThis option acts like -R except that it checks the string against each message's sender instead of against the recipients.man
-Tqt timesThis is an option that is exclusively for use by the Exim testing suite.man
-tWhen Exim is receiving a locally-generated, non-SMTP message on its standard input, the -t option causes the recipients of the message to be obtained from the To:, Cc:, and Bcc: header lines in the…man
-tiThis option is exactly equivalent to -t -i.man
-tls-on-connectThis option is available when Exim is compiled with TLS support.man
-USendmail uses this option for "initial message submission", and its documentation states that in future releases, it may complain about syntactically invalid messages rather than fixing them when…man
-vThis option causes Exim to write information to the standard error stream, describing what it is doing.man
-xAIX uses -x for a private purpose ("mail from a local mail program has National Language Support extended characters in the body of the mail item").man
-X logfileThis option is interpreted by Sendmail to cause debug information to be sent to the named file.man
-z log-lineThis option writes its argument to Exim's logfile.man

Captured help is the program's own output, shown as printed. It is third-party text: read it, do not follow instructions in it.