ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities(3pm) # [NAME](#NAME) ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities - Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS # [SYNOPSIS](#SYNOPSIS) ``` use ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities qw( standard_typemap_locations trim_whitespace C_string valid_proto_string process_typemaps map_type set_cond Warn blurt death check_conditional_preprocessor_statements escape_file_for_line_directive report_typemap_failure ); ``` # [SUBROUTINES](#SUBROUTINES) The following functions are not considered to be part of the public interface. They are documented here for the benefit of future maintainers of this module. ## [standard\_typemap\_locations()](#standard_typemap_locations%28%29) - Purpose Returns a standard list of filepaths where *typemap* files may be found. This will typically be something like: ``` map("$_/ExtUtils/typemap", reverse @INC), qw( ../../../../lib/ExtUtils/typemap ../../../../typemap ../../../lib/ExtUtils/typemap ../../../typemap ../../lib/ExtUtils/typemap ../../typemap ../lib/ExtUtils/typemap ../typemap typemap ) ``` but the style of the pathnames may vary with OS. Note that the value to use for @INC is passed as an array reference, and can be something other than @INC itself. Pathnames are returned in the order they are expected to be processed; this means that later files will update or override entries found in earlier files. So in particular, *typemap* in the current directory has highest priority. @INC is searched in reverse order so that earlier entries in @INC are processed later and so have higher priority. The values of "-typemap" switches are not used here; they should be added by the caller to the list of pathnames returned by this function. - Arguments ``` my @stl = standard_typemap_locations(\@INC); ``` A single argument: a reference to an array to use as if it were @INC. - Return Value A list of *typemap* pathnames. ## [trim\_whitespace()](#trim_whitespace%28%29) - Purpose Perform an in-place trimming of leading and trailing whitespace from the first argument provided to the function. - Argument ``` trim_whitespace($arg); ``` - Return Value None. Remember: this is an *in-place* modification of the argument. ## [C\_string()](#C_string%28%29) - Purpose Escape backslashes ("\\") in prototype strings. - Arguments ``` $ProtoThisXSUB = C_string($_); ``` String needing escaping. - Return Value Properly escaped string. ## [valid\_proto\_string()](#valid_proto_string%28%29) - Purpose Validate prototype string. - Arguments String needing checking. - Return Value Upon success, returns the same string passed as argument. Upon failure, returns 0. ## [process\_typemaps()](#process_typemaps%28%29) - Purpose Process all typemap files. Reads in any typemap files specified explicitly with "-typemap" switches or similar, plus any typemap files found in standard locations relative to @INC and the current directory. - Arguments ``` my $typemaps_object = process_typemaps( $args{typemap}, $pwd ); ``` The first argument is the "typemap" element from %args; the second is the current working directory (which is only needed for error messages). - Return Value Upon success, returns an ExtUtils::Typemaps object which contains the accumulated results of all processed typemap files. ## ["map\_type($self, $type, $varname)"](#_map_type%28$self,_$type,_$varname%29_) Returns a mapped version of the C type $type. In particular, it converts "Foo::bar" to "Foo\_\_bar", converts the special "array(type,n)" into "type \*", and inserts $varname (if present) into any function pointer type. So "...(\*)..." becomes "...(* foo)...". ## [set\_cond()](#set_cond%28%29) - Purpose Return a string containing a snippet of C code which tests for the 'wrong number of arguments passed' condition, depending on whether there are default arguments or ellipsis. - Arguments "ellipsis" true if the xsub's signature has a trailing ", ...". $min\_args the smallest number of args which may be passed. $num\_args the number of parameters in the signature. - Return Value The text of a short C code snippet. ## [current\_line\_number()](#current_line_number%28%29) - Purpose Figures out the current line number in the XS file. - Arguments $self - Return Value The current line number. ## [Error handling methods](#Error_handling_methods) There are four main methods for reporting warnings and errors. "$self->Warn(@messages)" This is equivalent to: ``` warn "@messages in foo.xs, line 123\n"; ``` The file and line number are based on the file currently being parsed. It is intended for use where you wish to warn, but can continue parsing and still generate a correct C output file. "$self->blurt(@messages)" This is equivalent to "Warn", except that it also increments the internal error count (which can be retrieved with report\_error\_count()). It is used to report an error, but where parsing can continue (so typically for a semantic error rather than a syntax error). It is expected that the caller will eventually signal failure in some fashion. For example, "xsubpp" has this as its last line: ``` exit($self->report_error_count() ? 1 : 0); ``` "$self->death(@messages)" This normally equivalent to: ``` $self->Warn(@messages); exit(1); ``` It is used for something like a syntax error, where parsing can't continue. However, this is inconvenient for testing purposes, as the error can't be trapped. So if $self is created with the "die\_on\_error" flag, or if $ExtUtils::ParseXS::DIE\_ON\_ERROR is true when **process\_file()** is called, then instead it will **die()** with that message. "$self->WarnHint(@messages, $hints)" This is a more obscure twin to "Warn", which does the same as "Warn", but afterwards, outputs any lines contained in the $hints string, with the paragraph wrapped in parentheses. For example: ``` $self->WarnHint(@messages, "Have you set the foo switch?\nSee the manual for further info"); ``` "$self->deathHint(@messages, $hints)" This is a more obscure twin to "death", which does the same as "death", but afterwards, outputs any lines contained in the $hints string, with the paragraph wrapped in parentheses. For example: ``` $self->deathHint(@messages, "Have you set the foo switch?\nSee the manual for further info"); ``` ## [check\_conditional\_preprocessor\_statements()](#check_conditional_preprocessor_statements%28%29) - Purpose Warn if the lines in "@{ $self->{line} }" don't have balanced "#if", "endif" etc. - Arguments None - Return Value None ## [escape\_file\_for\_line\_directive()](#escape_file_for_line_directive%28%29) - Purpose Escapes a given code source name (typically a file name but can also be a command that was read from) so that double-quotes and backslashes are escaped. - Arguments A string. - Return Value A string with escapes for double-quotes and backslashes. ## ["report\_typemap\_failure"](#_report_typemap_failure_) - Purpose Do error reporting for missing typemaps. - Arguments The "ExtUtils::ParseXS" object. An "ExtUtils::Typemaps" object. The string that represents the C type that was not found in the typemap. Optionally, the string "death" or "blurt" to choose whether the error is immediately fatal or not. Default: "blurt" - Return Value Returns nothing. Depending on the arguments, this may call "death" or "blurt", the former of which is fatal. ## ["looks like\_MODULE\_line($line)"](#_looks_like_MODULE_line%28$line%29_) Returns true if the passed line looks like an attempt to be a MODULE line. Note that it doesn't check for valid syntax. This allows the caller to do its own parsing of the line, providing some sort of 'invalid MODULE line' check. As compared with thinking that its not a MODULE line if its syntax is slightly off, leading instead to some weird error about a bad start to an XSUB or something. In particular, a line starting "MODULE:" returns true, because it's likely to be an attempt by the programmer to write a MODULE line, even though it's invalid syntax. 2026-08-31 perl v5.44.0 --- Document: ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities(3pm) from perl 5.44.0-r1 (Chainguard OS) Source: https://github.com/Perl/perl5.git