| USERDEL(8) | System Management Commands | USERDEL(8) |
.SH "NAME" userdel - delete a user account and related files
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP 192u
userdel
[options]
LOGIN
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP The userdel command modifies the system account files, deleting
all entries that refer to the user name LOGIN. The named user must
exist.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.PP The options which apply to the userdel command are:
.PP -f, --force
This option forces the removal of the user account and any other requested actions, skipping any safety checks.
Note: This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state.
.RE
.PP -h, --help
Display help message and exit.
.RE
.PP -r, --remove
Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually.
The mail spool is defined by the MAIL_DIR variable in the login.defs file.
.RE
.PP -R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are supported. No SELINUX support.
.RE
.PP -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the PREFIX_DIR directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.
.RE
.PP -Z, --selinux-user
Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login.
.RE
.SH "CONFIGURATION"
.PP The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the
behavior of this tool:
MAIL_DIR (string)
The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its
corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a
compile-time default is used. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
/etc/default/useradd determines whether the mail spool should be
created.
MAIL_FILE (string)
Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home
directory.
The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group
entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password,
and same GID).
The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of
members in a group.
This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group
file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger
than 1024 characters.
If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.
Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow
toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it.
USERDEL_CMD (string)
If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove any
at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first
argument).
The return code of the script is not taken into account.
Here is an example script, which removes the user's cron, at and print
jobs:
#! /bin/sh # Check for the required argument. if [ $# != 1 ]; then echo "Usage: $0 username" exit 1 fi # Remove cron jobs. crontab -r -u $1 # Remove at jobs. # Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID, # even if it was shared by a different username. AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs find $AT_SPOOL_DIR -name "[^.]*" -type f -user $1 -delete \; # Remove print jobs. lprm $1 # All done. exit 0
USERGROUPS_ENAB (boolean)
If set to yes, userdel will remove the user's group if it
contains no more members, and useradd will create by default a group
with the name of the user.
.SH "FILES"
.PP /etc/group
Group account information.
.RE
.PP /etc/login.defs
Shadow password suite configuration.
.RE
.PP /etc/passwd
User account information.
.RE
.PP /etc/shadow
Secure user account information.
.RE
.PP /etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*, /etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*
Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable ACTION will be populated with userdel and SUBJECT with the username. userdel-pre.d will be executed prior to any user deletion. userdel-post.d will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate.
.RE
.PP /etc/subgid
Per user subordinate group IDs.
.RE
.PP /etc/subuid
Per user subordinate user IDs.
.RE
.SH "EXIT VALUES"
.PP The userdel command exits with the following values:
.PP 0
success
.RE .PP 1
can't update password file
.RE .PP 2
invalid command syntax
.RE .PP 6
specified user doesn't exist
.RE .PP 8
user currently logged in
.RE .PP 10
can't update group file
.RE .PP 12
can't remove home directory
.RE
.SH "CAVEATS"
.PP userdel will not allow you to remove an account if there are
running processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have
to kill those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove
the account later. The -f option can force the deletion of this
account.
.PP You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain
owned by this user.
.PP You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be
performed on the NIS server.
.PP If USERGROUPS_ENAB is defined to yes in /etc/login.defs,
userdel will delete the group with the same name as the user. To
avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, userdel will
check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and
will just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The -f option
can force the deletion of this group.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), login.defs(5),
gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8),
groupmod(8), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8),
usermod(8).
| 10/25/2026 | shadow-utils 4.20.3 |