/usr/bin/Conformal3Proj

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SYNOPSIS
       Conformal3Proj [ -r ] [ -t a b c | -e b e2 k2 kp2 ] [ -tx ax bx cx |
       -ex bx e2x k2x kp2x ] [ -d | -: ] [ -w ] [ -p prec ] [
       --comment-delimiter commentdelim ] [ --version | -h | --help ] [
       --input-file infile | --input-string instring ] [ --line-separator
       linesep ] [ --output-file outfile ]

DESCRIPTION
       Project points using the Jacobi conformal projection.  By default, the
       coordinates of points on a triaxial ellipsoid are read from standard
       input as ellipsoidal latitude and longitude and the projected points
       are written to standard output as easting and northing.  The scale of
       the projection is appended to the output.  Specifying -r causes the
       reverse projection to be performed.

       If either -tx or -ex is given, then this describes a target ellipsoid
       onto which the points are conformally mapped via the Jacobi projections
       to intermediate spheres.  In this case, the meridian convergence and
       the scale are appended to the output.

OPTIONS
       -r  perform the reverse projection.

       -t a b c
           specify the ellipsoid via its major semiaxis a, median semiaxis b,
           and minor semixis c.  By default, we have a = 6378172 m, b =
           6378102 m, c = 6356752 m, an approximate triaxial model of the
           earth.  (With this model omg = 0deg, corresponds to lon =
           -14.93deg.

       -e b e2 k2 kp2
           specify the ellipsoid via the median semiaxis, b and the shape
           parameters e2 = (a^2 - c^2)/b^2, k2 = (b^2 - c^2)/(a^2 - c^2), and
           kp2 = (a^2 - b^2)/(a^2 - c^2).  Simple fractions are allowed for
           e2, k2, and kp2.  Internally, the supplied values of k2 and kp2 are
           normalized so that k2 + kp2 = 1.

       -tx ax bx cx
           specify the target ellipsoid via its semiaxes.

       -ex bx e2x k2x kp2x
           specify the target ellipsoid via its median semiaxes and shape
           parameters.

       -d  output angles as degrees, minutes, seconds instead of decimal
           degrees.

       -:  like -d, except use : as a separator instead of the d, ', and "
           delimiters.

       -w  toggle the longitude first flag (it starts off); if the flag is on,
           then on input and output, longitude precedes latitude (except that,
           on input, this can be overridden by a hemisphere designator, N, S,
           E, W).

       -p prec
           set the output precision to prec (default 3).  For distances, prec
           is the number of digits after the decimal point for ellipsoids
           which are approximately the same size as the Earth; for other
           ellipsoids the precision is adjusted to retain the same relative
           precision.  For latitudes and longitudes (in degrees), the number
           of digits after the decimal point is prec + 5.  For the scale, the
           precision is prec + 7.

       --comment-delimiter commentdelim
           set the comment delimiter to commentdelim (e.g., "#" or "//").  If
           set, the input lines will be scanned for this delimiter and, if
           found, the delimiter and the rest of the line will be removed prior
           to processing and subsequently appended to the output line
           (separated by a space).

       --version
           print version and exit.

       -h  print usage and exit.

       --help
           print full documentation and exit.

       --input-file infile
           read input from the file infile instead of from standard input; a
           file name of "-" stands for standard input.

       --input-string instring
           read input from the string instring instead of from standard input.
           All occurrences of the line separator character (default is a
           semicolon) in instring are converted to newlines before the reading
           begins.

       --line-separator linesep
           set the line separator character to linesep.  By default this is a
           semicolon.

       --output-file outfile
           write output to the file outfile instead of to standard output; a
           file name of "-" stands for standard output.

EXAMPLES
          echo 33.3 44.4 | Conformal3Proj
          -5077732.396 3922571.859 1.1970343759
          echo -5077732.396 3922571.859 | Conformal3Proj -r
          33.30000000 44.40000000 1.1970343759

ERRORS
       An illegal line of input will print an error message to standard output
       beginning with "ERROR:" and causes Conformal3Proj to return an exit
       code of 1.  However, an error does not cause Conformal3Proj to
       terminate; following lines will be converted.

SEE ALSO
       Ellipsoidal coordinates are documented in Section 2 of C. F. F. Karney,
       Jacobi's solution for geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid, Technical
       Report, SRI International, Nov. 2025,
       <https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.nnnnn>.

       The Wikipedia page, Geodesics on an ellipsoid,
       <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesics_on_an_ellipsoid>.

AUTHOR
       Conformal3Proj was written by Charles Karney.

HISTORY