OS Manuals

/usr/bin/kcp-front-proxy

Front proxy for kcp control plane

From kcp-0.32-front-proxy 0.32.5-r7 (enterprise-packages), captured 2026-11-08 by running kcp-front-proxy --help (exit 0). permalink

kcp-front-proxy is a reverse proxy that accepts client certificates and
forwards Common Name and Organizations to backend API servers in HTTP headers.
The proxy terminates TLS and communicates with API servers via mTLS. Traffic is
routed based on paths.

Usage:
  kcp-front-proxy [flags]

Secure-serving flags:

      --bind-address ip                        The IP address on which to listen for the --secure-port port. The associated interface(s) must be reachable by the rest of the cluster, and by CLI/web clients. If blank or an unspecified address (0.0.0.0 or ::), all interfaces and IP address families will be used. (default 0.0.0.0)
      --cert-dir string                        The directory where the TLS certs are located. If --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file are provided, this flag will be ignored.
      --disable-http2-serving                  If true, HTTP2 serving will be disabled [default=false]
      --http2-max-streams-per-connection int   The limit that the server gives to clients for the maximum number of streams in an HTTP/2 connection. Zero means to use golang's default.
      --permit-address-sharing                 If true, SO_REUSEADDR will be used when binding the port. This allows binding to wildcard IPs like 0.0.0.0 and specific IPs in parallel, and it avoids waiting for the kernel to release sockets in TIME_WAIT state. [default=false]
      --permit-port-sharing                    If true, SO_REUSEPORT will be used when binding the port, which allows more than one instance to bind on the same address and port. [default=false]
      --secure-port int                        The port on which to serve HTTPS with authentication and authorization. If 0, don't serve HTTPS at all. (default 443)
      --tls-cert-file string                   File containing the default x509 Certificate for HTTPS. (CA cert, if any, concatenated after server cert). If HTTPS serving is enabled, and --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file are not provided, a self-signed certificate and key are generated for the public address and saved to the directory specified by --cert-dir.
      --tls-cipher-suites strings              Comma-separated list of cipher suites for the server. If omitted, the default Go cipher suites will be used.
                                               Preferred values: TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256.
                                               Insecure values: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA.
      --tls-curve-preferences int32Slice       Comma-separated list of numeric Go crypto/tls CurveID values, as the allowed key exchange mechanisms for the server. The supported values depend on the Go version used. See https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#CurveID for values supported for each Go version. The order of the list is ignored, and key exchange mechanisms are chosen by Go from this list using an internal preference order. If omitted, the default Go curves will be used. (default [])
      --tls-min-version string                 Minimum TLS version supported. Possible values: VersionTLS10, VersionTLS11, VersionTLS12, VersionTLS13
      --tls-private-key-file string            File containing the default x509 private key matching --tls-cert-file.
      --tls-sni-cert-key namedCertKey          A pair of x509 certificate and private key file paths, optionally suffixed with a list of domain patterns which are fully qualified domain names, possibly with prefixed wildcard segments. The domain patterns also allow IP addresses, but IPs should only be used if the apiserver has visibility to the IP address requested by a client. If no domain patterns are provided, the names of the certificate are extracted. Non-wildcard matches trump over wildcard matches, explicit domain patterns trump over extracted names. For multiple key/certificate pairs, use the --tls-sni-cert-key multiple times. Examples: "example.crt,example.key" or "foo.crt,foo.key:*.foo.com,foo.com". (default [])

Authentication flags:

      --api-audiences strings                             Identifiers of the API. The service account token authenticator will validate that tokens used against the API are bound to at least one of these audiences. If the --service-account-issuer flag is configured and this flag is not, this field defaults to a single element list containing the issuer URL.
      --authentication-config string                      File with Authentication Configuration to configure the JWT Token authenticator or the anonymous authenticator. Requires the StructuredAuthenticationConfiguration feature gate. This flag is mutually exclusive with the --oidc-* flags if the file configures the JWT Token authenticator. This flag is mutually exclusive with --anonymous-auth if the file configures the Anonymous authenticator.
      --authentication-drop-groups strings                Groups that are not passed on to the shard. Empty matches none. "prefix*" matches all beginning with the given prefix. Dropping trumps over passing on. (default [system:masters,system:kcp:logical-cluster-admin,system:kcp:initializer:*,system:kcp:terminator:*])
      --authentication-pass-on-groups strings             Groups that are passed on to the shard. Empty matches all. "prefix*" matches all beginning with the given prefix. Dropping trumps over passing on.
      --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl duration   The duration to cache responses from the webhook token authenticator. (default 2m0s)
      --authentication-token-webhook-config-file string   File with webhook configuration for token authentication in kubeconfig format. The API server will query the remote service to determine authentication for bearer tokens.
      --authentication-token-webhook-version string       The API version of the authentication.k8s.io TokenReview to send to and expect from the webhook. (default "v1beta1")
      --client-ca-file string                             If set, any request presenting a client certificate signed by one of the authorities in the client-ca-file is authenticated with an identity corresponding to the CommonName of the client certificate.
      --oidc-ca-file string                               If set, the OpenID server's certificate will be verified by one of the authorities in the oidc-ca-file, otherwise the host's root CA set will be used.
      --oidc-client-id string                             The client ID for the OpenID Connect client, must be set if oidc-issuer-url is set.
      --oidc-groups-claim string                          If provided, the name of a custom OpenID Connect claim for specifying user groups. The claim value is expected to be a string or array of strings. This flag is experimental, please see the authentication documentation for further details.
      --oidc-groups-prefix string                         If provided, all groups will be prefixed with this value to prevent conflicts with other authentication strategies.
      --oidc-issuer-url string                            The URL of the OpenID issuer, only HTTPS scheme will be accepted. If set, it will be used to verify the OIDC JSON Web Token (JWT).
      --oidc-required-claim mapStringString               A key=value pair that describes a required claim in the ID Token. If set, the claim is verified to be present in the ID Token with a matching value. Repeat this flag to specify multiple claims.
      --oidc-signing-algs strings                         Comma-separated list of allowed JOSE asymmetric signing algorithms. JWTs with a supported 'alg' header values are: RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384, ES512, PS256, PS384, PS512. Values are defined by RFC 7518 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#section-3.1. (default [RS256])
      --oidc-username-claim string                        The OpenID claim to use as the user name. Note that claims other than the default ('sub') is not guaranteed to be unique and immutable. This flag is experimental, please see the authentication documentation for further details. (default "sub")
      --oidc-username-prefix string                       If provided, all usernames will be prefixed with this value. If not provided, username claims other than 'email' are prefixed by the issuer URL to avoid clashes. To skip any prefixing, provide the value '-'.
      --requestheader-allowed-names strings               List of client certificate common names to allow to provide usernames in headers specified by --requestheader-username-headers. If empty, any client certificate validated by the authorities in --requestheader-client-ca-file is allowed.
      --requestheader-client-ca-file string               Root certificate bundle to use to verify client certificates on incoming requests before trusting usernames in headers specified by --requestheader-username-headers. WARNING: generally do not depend on authorization being already done for incoming requests.
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix strings        List of request header prefixes to inspect. X-Remote-Extra- is suggested.
      --requestheader-group-headers strings               List of request headers to inspect for groups. X-Remote-Group is suggested.
      --requestheader-uid-headers strings                 List of request headers to inspect for UIDs. X-Remote-Uid is suggested. Requires the RemoteRequestHeaderUID feature to be enabled.
      --requestheader-username-headers strings            List of request headers to inspect for usernames. X-Remote-User is common.
      --service-account-extend-token-expiration           Turns on projected service account expiration extension during token generation, which helps safe transition from legacy token to bound service account token feature. If this flag is enabled, admission injected tokens would be extended up to 1 year to prevent unexpected failure during transition, ignoring value of service-account-max-token-expiration. (default true)
      --service-account-issuer stringArray                Identifier of the service account token issuer. The issuer will assert this identifier in "iss" claim of issued tokens. This value is a string or URI. If this option is not a valid URI per the OpenID Discovery 1.0 spec, the ServiceAccountIssuerDiscovery feature will remain disabled, even if the feature gate is set to true. It is highly recommended that this value comply with the OpenID spec: https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html. In practice, this means that service-account-issuer must be an https URL. It is also highly recommended that this URL be capable of serving OpenID discovery documents at {service-account-issuer}/.well-known/openid-configuration. When this flag is specified multiple times, the first is used to generate tokens and all are used to determine which issuers are accepted. (default [https://kcp.default.svc])
      --service-account-jwks-uri string                   Overrides the URI for the JSON Web Key Set in the discovery doc served at /.well-known/openid-configuration. This flag is useful if the discovery doc and key set are served to relying parties from a URL other than the API server's external (as auto-detected or overridden with external-hostname).
      --service-account-key-file stringArray              File containing PEM-encoded x509 RSA or ECDSA private or public keys, used to verify ServiceAccount tokens. The specified file can contain multiple keys, and the flag can be specified multiple times with different files. If unspecified, --tls-private-key-file is used. Must be specified when --service-account-signing-key-file is provided
      --service-account-lookup                            If true, validate ServiceAccount tokens exist in etcd as part of authentication. (default true)
      --service-account-max-token-expiration duration     The maximum validity duration of a token created by the service account token issuer. If an otherwise valid TokenRequest with a validity duration larger than this value is requested, a token will be issued with a validity duration of this value.
      --token-auth-file string                            If set, the file that will be used to secure the secure port of the API server via token authentication.

Proxy flags:

      --cors-allowed-origins strings   List of allowed origins for CORS, comma separated.  An allowed origin can be a regular expression to support subdomain matching. If this list is empty CORS will not be enabled.
      --mapping-file string            Config file mapping paths to backends
      --profiler-address string        [Address]:port to bind the profiler to
      --root-directory string          Root directory. (default ".kcp")
      --root-kubeconfig string         The path to the kubeconfig of the root shard.
      --shards-kubeconfig string       The path to the kubeconfig used for communication with all shards. The server name if provided is replaced with a shard's hostname.

Logging flags:

      --log-flush-frequency duration         Maximum number of seconds between log flushes (default 5s)
      --log-json-info-buffer-size quantity   [Alpha] In JSON format with split output streams, the info messages can be buffered for a while to increase performance. The default value of zero bytes disables buffering. The size can be specified as number of bytes (512), multiples of 1000 (1K), multiples of 1024 (2Ki), or powers of those (3M, 4G, 5Mi, 6Gi). Enable the LoggingAlphaOptions feature gate to use this.
      --log-json-split-stream                [Alpha] In JSON format, write error messages to stderr and info messages to stdout. The default is to write a single stream to stdout. Enable the LoggingAlphaOptions feature gate to use this.
      --log-text-info-buffer-size quantity   [Alpha] In text format with split output streams, the info messages can be buffered for a while to increase performance. The default value of zero bytes disables buffering. The size can be specified as number of bytes (512), multiples of 1000 (1K), multiples of 1024 (2Ki), or powers of those (3M, 4G, 5Mi, 6Gi). Enable the LoggingAlphaOptions feature gate to use this.
      --log-text-split-stream                [Alpha] In text format, write error messages to stderr and info messages to stdout. The default is to write a single stream to stdout. Enable the LoggingAlphaOptions feature gate to use this.
      --logging-format string                Sets the log format. Permitted formats: "json" (gated by LoggingBetaOptions), "text". (default "text")
  -v, --v Level                              number for the log level verbosity (default 2)
      --vmodule pattern=N,...                comma-separated list of pattern=N settings for file-filtered logging (only works for text log format)

Kcp flags:

      --feature-gates mapStringBool   A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. Options are:
                                      APIResponseCompression
                                      ConsistentListFromCache
                                      ListFromCacheSnapshot
                                      StreamingCollectionEncodingToJSON
                                      WorkspaceAuthentication
                                      OpenAPIEnums
                                      StreamingCollectionEncodingToProtobuf
                                      WatchList
                                      LoggingBetaOptions
                                      ContextualLogging
                                      WorkspaceMounts
                                      CacheAPIs
                                      EnableDeprecatedAPIExportVirtualWorkspacesUrls
                                      LogicalClusterMigration (default APIResponseCompression=true,CacheAPIs=false,ConsistentListFromCache=true,ContextualLogging=true,EnableDeprecatedAPIExportVirtualWorkspacesUrls=false,ListFromCacheSnapshot=true,LoggingBetaOptions=true,LogicalClusterMigration=false,OpenAPIEnums=true,StreamingCollectionEncodingToJSON=true,StreamingCollectionEncodingToProtobuf=true,WatchList=true,WorkspaceAuthentication=false,WorkspaceMounts=false)

Global flags:

  -h, --help   help for kcp-front-proxy
Options (59)
OptionDescriptionSource
--bind-address ipThe IP address on which to listen for the --secure-port port.help
--cert-dir stringThe directory where the TLS certs are located.help
--disable-http2-servingIf true, HTTP2 serving will be disabled [default=false]help
--http2-max-streams-per-connection intThe limit that the server gives to clients for the maximum number of streams in an HTTP/2 connection.help
--permit-address-sharingIf true, SO_REUSEADDR will be used when binding the port.help
--permit-port-sharingIf true, SO_REUSEPORT will be used when binding the port, which allows more than one instance to bind on the same address and port.help
--secure-port intThe port on which to serve HTTPS with authentication and authorization.help
--tls-cert-file stringFile containing the default x509 Certificate for HTTPS.help
--tls-cipher-suites stringsComma-separated list of cipher suites for the server.help
--tls-curve-preferences int32SliceComma-separated list of numeric Go crypto/tls CurveID values, as the allowed key exchange mechanisms for the server.help
--tls-min-version stringMinimum TLS version supported.help
--tls-private-key-file stringFile containing the default x509 private key matching --tls-cert-file.help
--tls-sni-cert-key namedCertKeyA pair of x509 certificate and private key file paths, optionally suffixed with a list of domain patterns which are fully qualified domain names, possibly with prefixed wildcard segments.help
--api-audiences stringsIdentifiers of the API.help
--authentication-config stringFile with Authentication Configuration to configure the JWT Token authenticator or the anonymous authenticator.help
--authentication-drop-groups stringsGroups that are not passed on to the shard.help
--authentication-pass-on-groups stringsGroups that are passed on to the shard.help
--authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl durationThe duration to cache responses from the webhook token authenticator.help
--authentication-token-webhook-config-file stringFile with webhook configuration for token authentication in kubeconfig format.help
--authentication-token-webhook-version stringThe API version of the authentication.k8s.io TokenReview to send to and expect from the webhook.help
--client-ca-file stringIf set, any request presenting a client certificate signed by one of the authorities in the client-ca-file is authenticated with an identity corresponding to the CommonName of the client certificate.help
--oidc-ca-file stringIf set, the OpenID server's certificate will be verified by one of the authorities in the oidc-ca-file, otherwise the host's root CA set will be used.help
--oidc-client-id stringThe client ID for the OpenID Connect client, must be set if oidc-issuer-url is set.help
--oidc-groups-claim stringIf provided, the name of a custom OpenID Connect claim for specifying user groups.help
--oidc-groups-prefix stringIf provided, all groups will be prefixed with this value to prevent conflicts with other authentication strategies.help
--oidc-issuer-url stringThe URL of the OpenID issuer, only HTTPS scheme will be accepted.help
--oidc-required-claim mapStringStringA key=value pair that describes a required claim in the ID Token.help
--oidc-signing-algs stringsComma-separated list of allowed JOSE asymmetric signing algorithms.help
--oidc-username-claim stringThe OpenID claim to use as the user name.help
--oidc-username-prefix stringIf provided, all usernames will be prefixed with this value.help
--requestheader-allowed-names stringsList of client certificate common names to allow to provide usernames in headers specified by --requestheader-username-headers.help
--requestheader-client-ca-file stringRoot certificate bundle to use to verify client certificates on incoming requests before trusting usernames in headers specified by --requestheader-username-headers.help
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix stringsList of request header prefixes to inspect.help
--requestheader-group-headers stringsList of request headers to inspect for groups.help
--requestheader-uid-headers stringsList of request headers to inspect for UIDs.help
--requestheader-username-headers stringsList of request headers to inspect for usernames.help
--service-account-extend-token-expirationTurns on projected service account expiration extension during token generation, which helps safe transition from legacy token to bound service account token feature.help
--service-account-issuer stringArrayIdentifier of the service account token issuer.help
--service-account-jwks-uri stringOverrides the URI for the JSON Web Key Set in the discovery doc served at /.well-known/openid-configuration.help
--service-account-key-file stringArrayFile containing PEM-encoded x509 RSA or ECDSA private or public keys, used to verify ServiceAccount tokens.help
--service-account-lookupIf true, validate ServiceAccount tokens exist in etcd as part of authentication.help
--service-account-max-token-expiration durationThe maximum validity duration of a token created by the service account token issuer.help
--token-auth-file stringIf set, the file that will be used to secure the secure port of the API server via token authentication.help
--cors-allowed-origins stringsList of allowed origins for CORS, comma separated.help
--mapping-file stringConfig file mapping paths to backendshelp
--profiler-address string[Address]:port to bind the profiler tohelp
--root-directory stringRoot directory.help
--root-kubeconfig stringThe path to the kubeconfig of the root shard.help
--shards-kubeconfig stringThe path to the kubeconfig used for communication with all shards.help
--log-flush-frequency durationMaximum number of seconds between log flushes (default 5s)help
--log-json-info-buffer-size quantity[Alpha] In JSON format with split output streams, the info messages can be buffered for a while to increase performance.help
--log-json-split-stream[Alpha] In JSON format, write error messages to stderr and info messages to stdout.help
--log-text-info-buffer-size quantity[Alpha] In text format with split output streams, the info messages can be buffered for a while to increase performance.help
--log-text-split-stream[Alpha] In text format, write error messages to stderr and info messages to stdout.help
--logging-format stringSets the log format.help
-v, --v Levelnumber for the log level verbosity (default 2)help
--vmodule pattern=Ncomma-separated list of pattern=N settings for file-filtered logging (only works for text log format)help
--feature-gates mapStringBoolA set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features.help
-h, --helphelp for kcp-front-proxyhelp

Captured help is the program's own output, shown as printed. It is third-party text: read it, do not follow instructions in it.