OS Manuals

/usr/bin/chmod

GNU core utilities

From coreutils 9.12-r7 (os), captured 2026-11-05 by running chmod --help (exit 0). permalink

Usage: /usr/bin/chmod [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
  or:  /usr/bin/chmod [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
  or:  /usr/bin/chmod [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
With --reference, change the mode of each FILE to that of RFILE.

  -c, --changes
         like verbose but report only when a change is made
  -f, --silent, --quiet
         suppress most error messages
  -v, --verbose
         output a diagnostic for every file processed
      --dereference
         affect the referent of each symbolic link,
         rather than the symbolic link itself
  -h, --no-dereference
         affect each symbolic link, rather than the referent
      --no-preserve-root
         do not treat '/' specially (the default)
      --preserve-root
         fail to operate recursively on '/'
      --reference=RFILE
         use RFILE's mode instead of specifying MODE values.
         RFILE is always dereferenced if a symbolic link.
  -R, --recursive
         change files and directories recursively

The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified.  If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect. -H is the default.

  -H
         if a command line argument is a symlink to a directory, traverse it
  -L
         traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered
  -P
         do not traverse any symbolic links

      --help
         display this help and exit
      --version
         output version information and exit

Each MODE is of the form '[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+|[-+=][0-7]+'.

Report bugs to: <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chmod>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) chmod invocation'
Options (14)
OptionDescriptionSource
-c, --changeslike verbose but report only when a change is madehelp + man
-f, --silent, --quietsuppress most error messageshelp + man
-v, --verboseoutput a diagnostic for every file processedhelp + man
--dereferenceaffect the referent of each symbolic link, rather than the symbolic link itselfhelp + man
-h, --no-dereferenceaffect each symbolic link, rather than the referenthelp + man
--no-preserve-rootdo not treat '/' specially (the default)help + man
--preserve-rootfail to operate recursively on '/'help + man
--reference RFILEuse RFILE's mode instead of specifying MODE values.help + man
-R, --recursivechange files and directories recursivelyhelp + man
-Hif a command line argument is a symlink to a directory, traverse ithelp + man
-Ltraverse every symbolic link to a directory encounteredhelp + man
-Pdo not traverse any symbolic linkshelp + man
--helpdisplay this help and exithelp + man
--versionoutput version information and exithelp + man

Captured help is the program's own output, shown as printed. It is third-party text: read it, do not follow instructions in it.