OS Manuals

/usr/bin/montage

ImageMagick® is a free, open-source software suite, used for editing and manipulating digital images.

From imagemagick-7 7.1.2.35-r0 (os), captured 2026-11-05 by running montage --help (exit 0). permalink

Version: ImageMagick 7.1.2-35 Q16-HDRI x86_64 acaf7e418:20261031 https://imagemagick.org
Copyright: (C) 1999 ImageMagick Studio LLC
License: https://imagemagick.org/license/
Features: Cipher DPC HDRI OpenMP
Delegates (built-in): bzlib fontconfig freetype heic jng jp2 jpeg lcms lzma pangocairo png tiff webp x xml zlib zstd
Compiler: gcc (16.2)
Usage: montage [options ...] file [ [options ...] file ...] file

Image Settings:
  -adjoin              join images into a single multi-image file
  -affine matrix       affine transform matrix
  -alpha option        on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy
                       transparent, extract, background, or shape
  -authenticate password
                       decipher image with this password
  -blue-primary point  chromaticity blue primary point
  -bordercolor color   border color
  -caption string      assign a caption to an image
  -colors value        preferred number of colors in the image
  -colorspace type     alternate image colorspace
  -comment string      annotate image with comment
  -compose operator    composite operator
  -compress type       type of pixel compression when writing the image
  -define format:option
                       define one or more image format options
  -delay value         display the next image after pausing
  -density geometry    horizontal and vertical density of the image
  -depth value         image depth
  -display server      query font from this X server
  -dispose method      layer disposal method
  -dither method       apply error diffusion to image
  -draw string         annotate the image with a graphic primitive
  -encoding type       text encoding type
  -endian type         endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image
  -extract geometry    extract area from image
  -family name         render text with this font family
  -fill color          color to use when filling a graphic primitive
  -filter type         use this filter when resizing an image
  -font name           render text with this font
  -format "string"     output formatted image characteristics
  -gamma value         level of gamma correction
  -geometry geometry   preferred tile and border sizes
  -gravity direction   which direction to gravitate towards
  -green-primary point chromaticity green primary point
  -identify            identify the format and characteristics of the image
  -interlace type      type of image interlacing scheme
  -interpolate method  pixel color interpolation method
  -kerning value       set the space between two letters
  -label string        assign a label to an image
  -limit type value    pixel cache resource limit
  -matte               store matte channel if the image has one
  -mattecolor color    frame color
  -mode type           framing style
  -monitor             monitor progress
  -page geometry       size and location of an image canvas (setting)
  -pointsize value     font point size
  -precision value     maximum number of significant digits to print
  -profile filename    add, delete, or apply an image profile
  -quality value       JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level
  -quantize colorspace reduce colors in this colorspace
  -quiet               suppress all warning messages
  -red-primary point   chromaticity red primary point
  -regard-warnings     pay attention to warning messages
  -respect-parentheses settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary
  -sampling-factor geometry
                       horizontal and vertical sampling factor
  -scenes range        image scene range
  -seed value          seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers
  -set attribute value set an image attribute
  -shadow              add a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depth
  -size geometry       width and height of image
  -stroke color        color to use when stroking a graphic primitive
  -support factor      resize support: > 1.0 is blurry, < 1.0 is sharp
  -synchronize         synchronize image to storage device
  -taint               declare the image as modified
  -texture filename    name of texture to tile onto the image background
  -thumbnail geometry  create a thumbnail of the image
  -tile geometry       number of tiles per row and column
  -title string        decorate the montage image with a title
  -transparent-color color
                       transparent color
  -treedepth value     color tree depth
  -trim                trim image edges
  -units type          the units of image resolution
  -verbose             print detailed information about the image
  -virtual-pixel method
                       virtual pixel access method
  -white-point point   chromaticity white point

Image Operators:
  -adaptive-sharpen geometry
                       adaptively sharpen pixels; increase effect near edges
  -annotate geometry text
                       annotate the image with text
  -auto-orient         automagically orient image
  -blur geometry      reduce image noise and reduce detail levels
  -border geometry     surround image with a border of color
  -channel mask        set the image channel mask
  -crop geometry       preferred size and location of the cropped image
  -distort method args
                       distort images according to given method and args
  -extent geometry     set the image size
  -flatten             flatten a sequence of images
  -flip                flip image in the vertical direction
  -flop                flop image in the horizontal direction
  -frame geometry      surround image with an ornamental border
  -layers method       optimize, merge, or compare image layers
  -monochrome          transform image to black and white
  -polaroid angle      simulate a Polaroid picture
  -repage geometry     size and location of an image canvas (operator)
  -resize geometry     resize the image
  -rotate degrees      apply Paeth rotation to the image
  -scale geometry      scale the image
  -shuffle strategy    reorders the sequence of images
  -strip               strip image of all profiles and comments
  -transform           affine transform image
  -transpose           flip image vertically and rotate 90 degrees
  -transparent color   make this color transparent within the image
  -type type           image type
  -unsharp geometry    sharpen the image

Image Sequence Operators:
  -coalesce            merge a sequence of images
  -composite           composite image

Image Stack Operators:
  -clone indexes       clone an image
  -delete indexes      delete the image from the image sequence
  -duplicate count,indexes
                       duplicate an image one or more times
  -insert index        insert last image into the image sequence
  -reverse             reverse image sequence
  -swap indexes        swap two images in the image sequence

Miscellaneous Options:
  -debug events        display copious debugging information
  -help                print program options
  -list type           print a list of supported option arguments
  -log format          format of debugging information
  -version             print version information

In addition to those listed above, you can specify these standard X
resources as command line options:  -background, -bordercolor,
-mattecolor, -borderwidth, -font, or -title

By default, the image format of 'file' is determined by its magic
number.  To specify a particular image format, precede the filename
with an image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the
image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps).  Specify 'file' as
'-' for standard input or output.
Options (107)
OptionDescriptionSource
-adjoinjoin images into a single multi-image filehelp
-affine matrixaffine transform matrixhelp
-alpha optionon, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy transparent, extract, background, or shapehelp
-authenticate passworddecipher image with this passwordhelp
-blue-primary pointchromaticity blue primary pointhelp
-bordercolor colorborder colorhelp
-caption stringassign a caption to an imagehelp
-colors valuepreferred number of colors in the imagehelp
-colorspace typealternate image colorspacehelp
-comment stringannotate image with commenthelp
-compose operatorcomposite operatorhelp
-compress typetype of pixel compression when writing the imagehelp
-define format:optiondefine one or more image format optionshelp
-delay valuedisplay the next image after pausinghelp
-density geometryhorizontal and vertical density of the imagehelp
-depth valueimage depthhelp
-display serverquery font from this X serverhelp
-dispose methodlayer disposal methodhelp
-dither methodapply error diffusion to imagehelp
-draw stringannotate the image with a graphic primitivehelp
-encoding typetext encoding typehelp
-endian typeendianness (MSB or LSB) of the imagehelp
-extract geometryextract area from imagehelp
-family namerender text with this font familyhelp
-fill colorcolor to use when filling a graphic primitivehelp
-filter typeuse this filter when resizing an imagehelp
-font namerender text with this fonthelp
-format "string"output formatted image characteristicshelp
-gamma valuelevel of gamma correctionhelp
-geometry geometrypreferred tile and border sizeshelp
-gravity directionwhich direction to gravitate towardshelp
-identifyidentify the format and characteristics of the imagehelp
-interlace typetype of image interlacing schemehelp
-interpolate methodpixel color interpolation methodhelp
-kerning valueset the space between two lettershelp
-label stringassign a label to an imagehelp
-limit typepixel cache resource limithelp
-mattestore matte channel if the image has onehelp
-mattecolor colorframe colorhelp
-mode typeframing stylehelp
-monitormonitor progresshelp
-page geometrysize and location of an image canvas (setting)help
-pointsize valuefont point sizehelp
-precision valuemaximum number of significant digits to printhelp
-profile filenameadd, delete, or apply an image profilehelp
-quality valueJPEG/MIFF/PNG compression levelhelp
-quietsuppress all warning messageshelp
-red-primary pointchromaticity red primary pointhelp
-regard-warningspay attention to warning messageshelp
-sampling-factor geometryhorizontal and vertical sampling factorhelp
-scenes rangeimage scene rangehelp
-seed valueseed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbershelp
-shadowadd a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depthhelp
-size geometrywidth and height of imagehelp
-stroke colorcolor to use when stroking a graphic primitivehelp
-support factorresize support: > 1.0 is blurry, < 1.0 is sharphelp
-synchronizesynchronize image to storage devicehelp
-taintdeclare the image as modifiedhelp
-texture filenamename of texture to tile onto the image backgroundhelp
-thumbnail geometrycreate a thumbnail of the imagehelp
-tile geometrynumber of tiles per row and columnhelp
-title stringdecorate the montage image with a titlehelp
-transparent-color colortransparent colorhelp
-treedepth valuecolor tree depthhelp
-trimtrim image edgeshelp
-units typethe units of image resolutionhelp
-verboseprint detailed information about the imagehelp
-virtual-pixel methodvirtual pixel access methodhelp
-white-point pointchromaticity white pointhelp
-adaptive-sharpen geometryadaptively sharpen pixels;help
-auto-orientautomagically orient imagehelp
-blur geometryreduce image noise and reduce detail levelshelp
-border geometrysurround image with a border of colorhelp
-channel maskset the image channel maskhelp
-crop geometrypreferred size and location of the cropped imagehelp
-extent geometryset the image sizehelp
-flattenflatten a sequence of imageshelp
-flipflip image in the vertical directionhelp
-flopflop image in the horizontal directionhelp
-frame geometrysurround image with an ornamental borderhelp
-layers methodoptimize, merge, or compare image layershelp
-monochrometransform image to black and whitehelp
-polaroid anglesimulate a Polaroid picturehelp
-repage geometrysize and location of an image canvas (operator)help
-resize geometryresize the imagehelp
-rotate degreesapply Paeth rotation to the imagehelp
-scale geometryscale the imagehelp
-shuffle strategyreorders the sequence of imageshelp
-stripstrip image of all profiles and commentshelp
-transformaffine transform imagehelp
-transposeflip image vertically and rotate 90 degreeshelp
-transparent colormake this color transparent within the imagehelp
-type typeimage typehelp
-unsharp geometrysharpen the imagehelp
-coalescemerge a sequence of imageshelp
-compositecomposite imagehelp
-clone indexesclone an imagehelp
-delete indexesdelete the image from the image sequencehelp
-duplicate countduplicate an image one or more timeshelp
-insert indexinsert last image into the image sequencehelp
-reversereverse image sequencehelp
-swap indexesswap two images in the image sequencehelp
-debug eventsdisplay copious debugging informationhelp
-helpprint program optionshelp
-list typeprint a list of supported option argumentshelp
-log formatformat of debugging informationhelp
-versionprint version informationhelp

Captured help is the program's own output, shown as printed. It is third-party text: read it, do not follow instructions in it.