/usr/bin/geth

NAME:
   geth - the go-ethereum command line interface

USAGE:
   geth [global options] command [command options]

VERSION:
   1.101702.2-stable-e8800cff

COMMANDS:
   account                Manage accounts
   attach                 Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
   console                Start an interactive JavaScript environment
   db                     Low level database operations
   download-era           Fetches era1 files (pre-merge history) from an HTTP endpoint
   dump                   Dump a specific block from storage
   dumpconfig             Export configuration values in a TOML format
   dumpgenesis            Dumps genesis block JSON configuration to stdout
   export                 Export blockchain into file
   export-history         Export blockchain history to Era archives
   import                 Import a blockchain file
   import-history         Import an Era archive
   import-preimages       Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
   init                   Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
   js                     (DEPRECATED) Execute the specified JavaScript files
   license                Display license information
   prune-history          Prune blockchain history (block bodies and receipts) up to a specified point
   removedb               Remove blockchain and state databases
   show-deprecated-flags  Show flags that have been deprecated
   snapshot               A set of commands based on the snapshot
   version                Print version numbers
   wallet                 Manage Ethereum presale wallets
   help, h                Shows a list of commands or help for one command

GLOBAL OPTIONS:
   ACCOUNT


    --keystore value                                                       ($GETH_KEYSTORE)
          Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)

    --lightkdf                          (default: false)                   ($GETH_LIGHTKDF)
          Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength

    --password value                                                       ($GETH_PASSWORD)
          Password file to use for non-interactive password input

    --pcscdpath value                   (default: "/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm") ($GETH_PCSCDPATH)
          Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file

    --signer value                                                         ($GETH_SIGNER)
          External signer (url or path to ipc file)

    --usb                               (default: false)                   ($GETH_USB)
          Enable monitoring and management of USB hardware wallets

   API AND CONSOLE


    --authrpc.addr value                (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_AUTHRPC_ADDR)
          Listening address for authenticated APIs

    --authrpc.jwtsecret value                                              ($GETH_AUTHRPC_JWTSECRET)
          Path to a JWT secret to use for authenticated RPC endpoints

    --authrpc.port value                (default: 8551)                    ($GETH_AUTHRPC_PORT)
          Listening port for authenticated APIs

    --authrpc.vhosts value              (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_AUTHRPC_VHOSTS)
          Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
          enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.

    --exec value                                                           ($GETH_EXEC)
          Execute JavaScript statement

    --graphql                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_GRAPHQL)
          Enable GraphQL on the HTTP-RPC server. Note that GraphQL can only be started if
          an HTTP server is started as well.

    --graphql.corsdomain value                                             ($GETH_GRAPHQL_CORSDOMAIN)
          Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests
          (browser enforced)

    --graphql.vhosts value              (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_GRAPHQL_VHOSTS)
          Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
          enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.

    --header value, -H value                                               ($GETH_HEADER)
          Pass custom headers to the RPC server when using --remotedb or the geth attach
          console. This flag can be given multiple times.

    --http                              (default: false)                   ($GETH_HTTP)
          Enable the HTTP-RPC server

    --http.addr value                   (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_HTTP_ADDR)
          HTTP-RPC server listening interface

    --http.api value                                                       ($GETH_HTTP_API)
          API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface

    --http.corsdomain value                                                ($GETH_HTTP_CORSDOMAIN)
          Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests
          (browser enforced)

    --http.port value                   (default: 8545)                    ($GETH_HTTP_PORT)
          HTTP-RPC server listening port

    --http.rpcprefix value                                                 ($GETH_HTTP_RPCPREFIX)
          HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.

    --http.vhosts value                 (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_HTTP_VHOSTS)
          Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
          enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.

    --ipcdisable                        (default: false)                   ($GETH_IPCDISABLE)
          Disable the IPC-RPC server

    --ipcpath value                                                        ($GETH_IPCPATH)
          Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)

    --jspath value                      (default: .)                       ($GETH_JSPATH)
          JavaScript root path for `loadScript`

    --preload value                                                        ($GETH_PRELOAD)
          Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console

    --rpc.allow-unprotected-txs         (default: false)                   ($GETH_RPC_ALLOW_UNPROTECTED_TXS)
          Allow for unprotected (non EIP155 signed) transactions to be submitted via RPC

    --rpc.batch-request-limit value     (default: 1000)                    ($GETH_RPC_BATCH_REQUEST_LIMIT)
          Maximum number of requests in a batch

    --rpc.batch-response-max-size value (default: 25000000)                ($GETH_RPC_BATCH_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE)
          Maximum number of bytes returned from a batched call

    --rpc.evmtimeout value              (default: 5s)                      ($GETH_RPC_EVMTIMEOUT)
          Sets a timeout used for eth_call (0=infinite)

    --rpc.gascap value                  (default: 50000000)                ($GETH_RPC_GASCAP)
          Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimateGas (0=infinite)

    --rpc.logquerylimit value           (default: 1000)                    ($GETH_RPC_LOGQUERYLIMIT)
          Maximum number of alternative addresses or topics allowed per search position in
          eth_getLogs filter criteria (0 = no cap)

    --rpc.rangelimit value              (default: 0)                       ($GETH_RPC_RANGELIMIT)
          Maximum block range (end - begin) allowed for range queries (0 = unlimited)

    --rpc.telemetry                     (default: false)                   ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY)
          Enable RPC telemetry

    --rpc.telemetry.endpoint value                                         ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY_ENDPOINT)
          Defines where RPC telemetry is sent (e.g., http://localhost:4318)

    --rpc.telemetry.instance-id value                                      ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY_INSTANCE_ID)
          OpenTelemetry instance ID

    --rpc.telemetry.password value                                         ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY_PASSWORD)
          HTTP Basic Auth password for OpenTelemetry

    --rpc.telemetry.sample-ratio value  (default: 1)                       ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY_SAMPLE_RATIO)
          Defines the sampling ratio for RPC telemetry (0.0 to 1.0)

    --rpc.telemetry.tags value                                             ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY_TAGS)
          Comma-separated tags (key/values) added as attributes to the OpenTelemetry
          resource struct

    --rpc.telemetry.username value                                         ($GETH_RPC_TELEMETRY_USERNAME)
          HTTP Basic Auth username for OpenTelemetry

    --rpc.txfeecap value                (default: 1)                       ($GETH_RPC_TXFEECAP)
          Sets a cap on transaction fee (in ether) that can be sent via the RPC APIs (0 =
          no cap)

    --rpc.txsync.defaulttimeout value   (default: 20s)                     ($GETH_RPC_TXSYNC_DEFAULTTIMEOUT)
          Default timeout for eth_sendRawTransactionSync (e.g. 2s, 500ms)

    --rpc.txsync.maxtimeout value       (default: 1m0s)                    ($GETH_RPC_TXSYNC_MAXTIMEOUT)
          Maximum allowed timeout for eth_sendRawTransactionSync (e.g. 5m)

    --ws                                (default: false)                   ($GETH_WS)
          Enable the WS-RPC server

    --ws.addr value                     (default: "localhost")             ($GETH_WS_ADDR)
          WS-RPC server listening interface

    --ws.api value                                                         ($GETH_WS_API)
          API's offered over the WS-RPC interface

    --ws.origins value                                                     ($GETH_WS_ORIGINS)
          Origins from which to accept websockets requests

    --ws.port value                     (default: 8546)                    ($GETH_WS_PORT)
          WS-RPC server listening port

    --ws.rpcprefix value                                                   ($GETH_WS_RPCPREFIX)
          HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.

   BEACON CHAIN


    --beacon.api value                                                     ($GETH_BEACON_API)
          Beacon node (CL) light client API URL. This flag can be given multiple times.

    --beacon.api.header value                                              ($GETH_BEACON_API_HEADER)
          Pass custom HTTP header fields to the remote beacon node API in "key:value"
          format. This flag can be given multiple times.

    --beacon.checkpoint value                                              ($GETH_BEACON_CHECKPOINT)
          Beacon chain weak subjectivity checkpoint block hash

    --beacon.checkpoint.file value                                         ($GETH_BEACON_CHECKPOINT_FILE)
          Beacon chain weak subjectivity checkpoint import/export file

    --beacon.config value                                                  ($GETH_BEACON_CONFIG)
          Beacon chain config YAML file

    --beacon.genesis.gvroot value                                          ($GETH_BEACON_GENESIS_GVROOT)
          Beacon chain genesis validators root

    --beacon.genesis.time value         (default: 0)                       ($GETH_BEACON_GENESIS_TIME)
          Beacon chain genesis time

    --beacon.nofilter                   (default: false)                   ($GETH_BEACON_NOFILTER)
          Disable future slot signature filter

    --beacon.threshold value            (default: 342)                     ($GETH_BEACON_THRESHOLD)
          Beacon sync committee participation threshold

   DEVELOPER CHAIN


    --dev                               (default: false)                   ($GETH_DEV)
          Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining
          enabled

    --dev.gaslimit value                (default: 11500000)                ($GETH_DEV_GASLIMIT)
          Initial block gas limit

    --dev.period value                  (default: 0)                       ($GETH_DEV_PERIOD)
          Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending)

   ETHEREUM


    --config value                                                         ($GETH_CONFIG)
          TOML configuration file

    --datadir value                     (default: /tmp/.ethereum)          ($GETH_DATADIR)
          Data directory for the databases and keystore

    --datadir.ancient value                                                ($GETH_DATADIR_ANCIENT)
          Root directory for ancient data (default = inside chaindata)

    --datadir.era value                                                    ($GETH_DATADIR_ERA)
          Root directory for era1 history (default = inside ancient/chain)

    --datadir.minfreedisk value         (default: 0)                       ($GETH_DATADIR_MINFREEDISK)
          Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers auto shut down (default =
          --cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)

    --db.engine value                                                      ($GETH_DB_ENGINE)
          Backing database implementation to use ('pebble' or 'leveldb')

    --eth.requiredblocks value                                             ($GETH_ETH_REQUIREDBLOCKS)
          Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to require for peering
          (<number>=<hash>)

    --exitwhensynced                    (default: false)                   ($GETH_EXITWHENSYNCED)
          Exits after block synchronisation completes

    --holesky                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_HOLESKY)
          Holesky network: pre-configured proof-of-stake test network

    --hoodi                             (default: false)                   ($GETH_HOODI)
          Hoodi network: pre-configured proof-of-stake test network

    --mainnet                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_MAINNET)
          Ethereum mainnet

    --networkid value                   (default: 0)                       ($GETH_NETWORKID)
          Explicitly set network ID (integer)(For testnets: use --sepolia, --holesky,
          --hoodi instead)

    --op-network value, --beta.op-network value                                    ($GETH_OP_NETWORK)
          Select a pre-configured OP-Stack network (warning: op-mainnet and op-goerli
          require special sync, datadir is recommended), options: arena-z-mainnet,
          arena-z-sepolia, automata-mainnet, bob-mainnet, camp-sepolia, celo-sep-sepolia,
          creator-chain-testnet-sepolia, cyber-mainnet, cyber-sepolia, ethernity-mainnet,
          ethernity-sepolia, fraxtal-mainnet, funki-mainnet, funki-sepolia,
          hashkeychain-mainnet, ink-mainnet, ink-sepolia, lisk-mainnet, lisk-sepolia,
          lyra-mainnet, metal-mainnet, metal-sepolia, mint-mainnet, mode-mainnet,
          mode-sepolia, op-mainnet, op-sepolia, oplabs-devnet-0-sepolia-dev-0,
          orderly-mainnet, ozean-sepolia, pivotal-sepolia, polynomial-mainnet,
          race-mainnet, race-sepolia, radius_testnet-sepolia, redstone-mainnet,
          rehearsal-0-bn-0-rehearsal-0-bn, rehearsal-0-bn-1-rehearsal-0-bn,
          settlus-mainnet-mainnet, settlus-sepolia-sepolia, shape-mainnet, shape-sepolia,
          silent-data-mainnet-mainnet, soneium-mainnet, soneium-minato-sepolia,
          sseed-mainnet, swan-mainnet, swell-mainnet, tbn-mainnet, tbn-sepolia,
          unichain-mainnet, unichain-sepolia, worldchain-mainnet, worldchain-sepolia,
          xterio-eth-mainnet, zora-mainnet, zora-sepolia

    --override.bpo1 value               (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_BPO1)
          Manually specify the bpo1 fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting

    --override.bpo2 value               (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_BPO2)
          Manually specify the bpo2 fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting

    --override.canyon value             (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_CANYON)
          Manually specify the Optimism Canyon fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.ecotone value            (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_ECOTONE)
          Manually specify the Optimism Ecotone fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.fjord value              (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_FJORD)
          Manually specify the Optimism Fjord fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.genesis value                                               ($GETH_OVERRIDE_GENESIS)
          Load genesis block and configuration from file at this path

    --override.granite value            (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_GRANITE)
          Manually specify the Optimism Granite fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.holocene value           (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_HOLOCENE)
          Manually specify the Optimism Holocene fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.interop value            (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_INTEROP)
          Manually specify the Optimsim Interop feature-set fork timestamp, overriding the
          bundled setting

    --override.isthmus value            (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_ISTHMUS)
          Manually specify the Optimism Isthmus fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.jovian value             (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_JOVIAN)
          Manually specify the Optimism Jovian fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.karst value              (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_KARST)
          Manually specify the Optimism Karst fork timestamp, overriding the bundled
          setting

    --override.osaka value              (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_OSAKA)
          Manually specify the Osaka fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting

    --override.verkle value             (default: 0)                       ($GETH_OVERRIDE_VERKLE)
          Manually specify the Verkle fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting

    --sepolia                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_SEPOLIA)
          Sepolia network: pre-configured proof-of-stake test network

    --snapshot                          (default: true)                    ($GETH_SNAPSHOT)
          Enables snapshot-database mode (default = enable)

   GAS PRICE ORACLE


    --gpo.blocks value                  (default: 20)                      ($GETH_GPO_BLOCKS)
          Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices

    --gpo.ignoreprice value             (default: 2)                       ($GETH_GPO_IGNOREPRICE)
          Gas price below which gpo will ignore transactions

    --gpo.maxprice value                (default: 500000000000)            ($GETH_GPO_MAXPRICE)
          Maximum transaction priority fee (or gasprice before London fork) to be
          recommended by gpo

    --gpo.minsuggestedpriorityfee value (default: 1000000)                 ($GETH_GPO_MINSUGGESTEDPRIORITYFEE)
          Minimum transaction priority fee to suggest. Used on OP chains when blocks are
          not full.

    --gpo.percentile value              (default: 60)                      ($GETH_GPO_PERCENTILE)
          Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas
          prices

   LOGGING AND DEBUGGING


    --debug.logslowblock value          (default: -1ns)                    ($GETH_DEBUG_LOGSLOWBLOCK)
          Block execution time threshold beyond which detailed statistics will be logged
          (0 logs all blocks, negative means disable)

    --go-execution-trace value                                             ($GETH_GO_EXECUTION_TRACE)
          Write Go execution trace to the given file

    --log.compress                      (default: false)                   ($GETH_LOG_COMPRESS)
          Compress the log files

    --log.file value                                                       ($GETH_LOG_FILE)
          Write logs to a file

    --log.format value                                                     ($GETH_LOG_FORMAT)
          Log format to use (json|logfmt|terminal)

    --log.maxage value                  (default: 30)                      ($GETH_LOG_MAXAGE)
          Maximum number of days to retain a log file

    --log.maxbackups value              (default: 10)                      ($GETH_LOG_MAXBACKUPS)
          Maximum number of log files to retain

    --log.maxsize value                 (default: 100)                     ($GETH_LOG_MAXSIZE)
          Maximum size in MBs of a single log file

    --log.rotate                        (default: false)                   ($GETH_LOG_ROTATE)
          Enables log file rotation

    --log.vmodule value                                                    ($GETH_LOG_VMODULE)
          Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g.
          eth/*=5,p2p=4)

    --pprof                             (default: false)                   ($GETH_PPROF)
          Enable the pprof HTTP server

    --pprof.addr value                  (default: "127.0.0.1")             ($GETH_PPROF_ADDR)
          pprof HTTP server listening interface

    --pprof.blockprofilerate value      (default: 0)                       ($GETH_PPROF_BLOCKPROFILERATE)
          Turn on block profiling with the given rate

    --pprof.cpuprofile value                                               ($GETH_PPROF_CPUPROFILE)
          Write CPU profile to the given file

    --pprof.memprofilerate value        (default: 524288)                  ($GETH_PPROF_MEMPROFILERATE)
          Turn on memory profiling with the given rate

    --pprof.port value                  (default: 6060)                    ($GETH_PPROF_PORT)
          pprof HTTP server listening port

    --pyroscope                         (default: false)                   ($GETH_PYROSCOPE)
          Enable Pyroscope profiling

    --pyroscope.password value                                             ($GETH_PYROSCOPE_PASSWORD)
          Pyroscope basic authentication password

    --pyroscope.server value            (default: "http://localhost:4040") ($GETH_PYROSCOPE_SERVER)
          Pyroscope server URL to push profiling data to

    --pyroscope.tags value                                                 ($GETH_PYROSCOPE_TAGS)
          Comma separated list of key=value tags to add to profiling data

    --pyroscope.username value                                             ($GETH_PYROSCOPE_USERNAME)
          Pyroscope basic authentication username

    --remotedb value                                                       ($GETH_REMOTEDB)
          URL for remote database

    --verbosity value                   (default: 3)                       ($GETH_VERBOSITY)
          Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail

   METRICS AND STATS


    --ethstats value                                                       ($GETH_ETHSTATS)
          Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)

    --metrics                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS)
          Enable metrics collection and reporting

    --metrics.addr value                                                   ($GETH_METRICS_ADDR)
          Enable stand-alone metrics HTTP server listening interface.

    --metrics.influxdb                  (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB)
          Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database

    --metrics.influxdb.bucket value     (default: "geth")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_BUCKET)
          InfluxDB bucket name to push reported metrics to (v2 only)

    --metrics.influxdb.database value   (default: "geth")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_DATABASE)
          InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to

    --metrics.influxdb.endpoint value   (default: "http://localhost:8086") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_ENDPOINT)
          InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to

    --metrics.influxdb.interval value   (default: 10s)                     ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_INTERVAL)
          Interval between metrics reports to InfluxDB (with time unit, e.g. 10s)

    --metrics.influxdb.organization value (default: "geth")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_ORGANIZATION)
          InfluxDB organization name (v2 only)

    --metrics.influxdb.password value   (default: "test")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_PASSWORD)
          Password to authorize access to the database

    --metrics.influxdb.tags value       (default: "host=localhost")        ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_TAGS)
          Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached to all measurements

    --metrics.influxdb.token value      (default: "test")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_TOKEN)
          Token to authorize access to the database (v2 only)

    --metrics.influxdb.username value   (default: "test")                  ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_USERNAME)
          Username to authorize access to the database

    --metrics.influxdbv2                (default: false)                   ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDBV2)
          Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB v2 database

    --metrics.port value                (default: 6060)                    ($GETH_METRICS_PORT)
          Metrics HTTP server listening port.
          Please note that --metrics.addr must be set
          to start the server.

   MINER


    --miner.effectivegaslimit value     (default: 0)                       ($GETH_MINER_EFFECTIVEGASLIMIT)
          If non-zero, an effective gas limit to apply in addition to the block header
          gaslimit.

    --miner.extradata value                                                ($GETH_MINER_EXTRADATA)
          Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)

    --miner.gaslimit value              (default: 60000000)                ($GETH_MINER_GASLIMIT)
          Target gas ceiling for mined blocks

    --miner.gasprice value              (default: 1)                       ($GETH_MINER_GASPRICE)
          Minimum gas price for mining a transaction

    --miner.maxblobs value              (default: 0)                       ($GETH_MINER_MAXBLOBS)
          Maximum number of blobs per block (falls back to protocol maximum if
          unspecified)

    --miner.pending.feeRecipient value                                     ($GETH_MINER_PENDING_FEERECIPIENT)
          0x prefixed public address for the pending block producer (not used for actual
          block production)

    --miner.recommit value              (default: 2s)                      ($GETH_MINER_RECOMMIT)
          Time interval to recreate the block being mined

   MISC


    --help, -h                          (default: false)
          show help

    --synctarget value                                                     ($GETH_SYNCTARGET)
          Hash of the block to full sync to (dev testing feature)

    --version, -v                       (default: false)
          print the version

   NETWORKING


    --bootnodes value                                                      ($GETH_BOOTNODES)
          Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap

    --discovery.dns value                                                  ($GETH_DISCOVERY_DNS)
          Sets DNS discovery entry points (use "" to disable DNS)

    --discovery.port value              (default: 30303)                   ($GETH_DISCOVERY_PORT)
          Use a custom UDP port for P2P discovery

    --discovery.v4, --discv4            (default: false)                   ($GETH_DISCOVERY_V4)
          Enables the V4 discovery mechanism

    --discovery.v5, --discv5            (default: true)                    ($GETH_DISCOVERY_V5)
          Enables the V5 discovery mechanism

    --identity value                                                       ($GETH_IDENTITY)
          Custom node name

    --maxpeers value                    (default: 50)                      ($GETH_MAXPEERS)
          Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0)

    --maxpendpeers value                (default: 0)                       ($GETH_MAXPENDPEERS)
          Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0)

    --nat value                         (default: "any")                   ($GETH_NAT)
          NAT port mapping mechanism
          (any|none|upnp|pmp|pmp:<IP>|extip:<IP>|stun:<IP:PORT>)

    --netrestrict value                                                    ($GETH_NETRESTRICT)
          Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)

    --nodekey value                                                        ($GETH_NODEKEY)
          P2P node key file

    --nodekeyhex value                                                     ($GETH_NODEKEYHEX)
          P2P node key as hex (for testing)

    --nodiscover                        (default: false)                   ($GETH_NODISCOVER)
          Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)

    --port value                        (default: 30303)                   ($GETH_PORT)
          Network listening port

   PERFORMANCE TUNING


    --cache value                       (default: 4096)                    ($GETH_CACHE)
          Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching

    --cache.blocklogs value             (default: 32)                      ($GETH_CACHE_BLOCKLOGS)
          Size (in number of blocks) of the log cache for filtering

    --cache.database value              (default: 50)                      ($GETH_CACHE_DATABASE)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io

    --cache.gc value                    (default: 25)                      ($GETH_CACHE_GC)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default = 25% full
          mode, 0% archive mode)

    --cache.noprefetch                  (default: false)                   ($GETH_CACHE_NOPREFETCH)
          Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (less CPU and disk IO, more
          time waiting for data)

    --cache.preimages                   (default: false)                   ($GETH_CACHE_PREIMAGES)
          Enable recording the SHA3/keccak preimages of trie keys

    --cache.snapshot value              (default: 10)                      ($GETH_CACHE_SNAPSHOT)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for snapshot caching (default = 10%
          full mode, 20% archive mode)

    --cache.trie value                  (default: 15)                      ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE)
          Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie caching (default = 15% full
          mode, 30% archive mode)

    --crypto.kzg value                  (default: "gokzg")                 ($GETH_CRYPTO_KZG)
          KZG library implementation to use; gokzg (recommended) or ckzg

    --fdlimit value                     (default: 0)                       ($GETH_FDLIMIT)
          Raise the open file descriptor resource limit (default = system fd limit)

   ROLLUP NODE


    --rollup.computependingblock        (default: false)                   ($GETH_ROLLUP_COMPUTEPENDINGBLOCK)
          By default the pending block equals the latest block to save resources and not
          leak txs from the tx-pool, this flag enables computing of the pending block from
          the tx-pool instead.

    --rollup.halt value                                                    ($GETH_ROLLUP_HALT)
          Opt-in option to halt on incompatible protocol version requirements of the given
          level (major/minor/patch/none), as signaled through the Engine API by the rollup
          node

    --rollup.historicalrpc value                                           ($GETH_ROLLUP_HISTORICALRPC)
          RPC endpoint for historical data.

    --rollup.historicalrpctimeout value (default: "5s")                    ($GETH_ROLLUP_HISTORICALRPCTIMEOUT)
          Timeout for historical RPC requests.

    --rollup.interopmempoolfiltering    (default: false)                   ($GETH_ROLLUP_INTEROPMEMPOOLFILTERING)
          If using interop, transactions are checked for interop validity before being
          added to the mempool (experimental).

    --rollup.interoprpc value                                              ($GETH_ROLLUP_INTEROPRPC)
          RPC endpoint for interop message verification (experimental).

    --rollup.sequencerhttp value                                           ($GETH_ROLLUP_SEQUENCERHTTP)
          HTTP endpoint for the sequencer mempool

    --rollup.sequencertxconditionalcostratelimit value (default: 5000)                    ($GETH_ROLLUP_SEQUENCERTXCONDITIONALCOSTRATELIMIT)
          Maximum cost -- storage lookups -- allowed for conditional transactions in a
          given second

    --rollup.sequencertxconditionalenabled (default: false)                   ($GETH_ROLLUP_SEQUENCERTXCONDITIONALENABLED)
          Serve the eth_sendRawTransactionConditional endpoint and apply the conditional
          constraints on mempool inclusion & block building

    --rollup.superchain-upgrades, --beta.rollup.superchain-upgrades (default: true)                    ($GETH_ROLLUP_SUPERCHAIN_UPGRADES)
          Apply superchain-registry config changes to the local chain-configuration

    --rollup.txpool.disable-gossip, --rollup.disabletxpoolgossip (default: false)                   ($GETH_ROLLUP_TXPOOL_DISABLE_GOSSIP)
          Disable transaction pool gossip.

    --rollup.txpool.enable-admission, --rollup.enabletxpooladmission (default: false)                   ($GETH_ROLLUP_TXPOOL_ENABLE_ADMISSION)
          Add RPC-submitted transactions to the txpool (on by default if
          --rollup.sequencerhttp is not set).

    --rollup.txpool.netrestrict value                                      ($GETH_ROLLUP_TXPOOL_NETRESTRICT)
          Restricts transaction pool gossip to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)

    --rollup.txpool.trusted-peers-only  (default: false)                   ($GETH_ROLLUP_TXPOOL_TRUSTED_PEERS_ONLY)
          Restricts transaction pool gossip and acceptance to trusted peers only

   STATE HISTORY MANAGEMENT


    --gcmode value                      (default: "full")                  ($GETH_GCMODE)
          Blockchain garbage collection mode ("full", "archive")

    --history.chain value               (default: "all")                   ($GETH_HISTORY_CHAIN)
          Blockchain history retention ("all", "postmerge", or "postprague")

    --history.logs value                (default: 2350000)                 ($GETH_HISTORY_LOGS)
          Number of recent blocks to maintain log search index for (default = about one
          year, 0 = entire chain)

    --history.logs.disable              (default: false)                   ($GETH_HISTORY_LOGS_DISABLE)
          Do not maintain log search index

    --history.logs.export value                                            ($GETH_HISTORY_LOGS_EXPORT)
          Export checkpoints to file in go source file format

    --history.state value               (default: 90000)                   ($GETH_HISTORY_STATE)
          Number of recent blocks to retain state history for, only relevant in
          state.scheme=path (default = 90,000 blocks, 0 = entire chain)

    --history.transactions value        (default: 2350000)                 ($GETH_HISTORY_TRANSACTIONS)
          Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index for (default = about one
          year, 0 = entire chain)

    --history.trienode value            (default: -1)                      ($GETH_HISTORY_TRIENODE)
          Number of recent blocks to retain trienode history for, only relevant in
          state.scheme=path (default/negative = disabled, 0 = entire chain)

    --history.trienode.full-value-checkpoint value (default: 8)
          The frequency of full-value encoding. Every n-th node is stored in full-value
          format; all other nodes are stored as diffs relative to their predecessor

    --state.scheme value                                                   ($GETH_STATE_SCHEME)
          Scheme to use for storing ethereum state ('hash' or 'path')

    --state.size-tracking               (default: false)                   ($GETH_STATE_SIZE_TRACKING)
          Enable state size tracking, retrieve state size with debug_stateSize.

    --syncmode value                    (default: "snap")                  ($GETH_SYNCMODE)
          Blockchain sync mode ("snap" or "full")

   TRANSACTION POOL (BLOB)


    --blobpool.datacap value            (default: 2684354560)              ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_DATACAP)
          Disk space to allocate for pending blob transactions (soft limit)

    --blobpool.datadir value            (default: "blobpool")              ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_DATADIR)
          Data directory to store blob transactions in

    --blobpool.pricebump value          (default: 100)                     ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_PRICEBUMP)
          Price bump percentage to replace an already existing blob transaction

   TRANSACTION POOL (EVM)


    --txpool.accountqueue value         (default: 64)                      ($GETH_TXPOOL_ACCOUNTQUEUE)
          Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account

    --txpool.accountslots value         (default: 16)                      ($GETH_TXPOOL_ACCOUNTSLOTS)
          Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account

    --txpool.globalqueue value          (default: 1024)                    ($GETH_TXPOOL_GLOBALQUEUE)
          Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts

    --txpool.globalslots value          (default: 5120)                    ($GETH_TXPOOL_GLOBALSLOTS)
          Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts

    --txpool.journal value              (default: "transactions.rlp")      ($GETH_TXPOOL_JOURNAL)
          Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts

    --txpool.journalremotes             (default: false)                   ($GETH_TXPOOL_JOURNALREMOTES)
          Includes remote transactions in the journal. Only effective if nolocals is set
          too.

    --txpool.lifetime value             (default: 3h0m0s)                  ($GETH_TXPOOL_LIFETIME)
          Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued

    --txpool.locals value                                                  ($GETH_TXPOOL_LOCALS)
          Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion)

    --txpool.maxtxgas value             (default: 0)                       ($GETH_TXPOOL_MAXTXGAS)
          Maximum gas limit for individual transactions (0 = no limit). Transactions
          exceeding this limit will be rejected by the transaction pool

    --txpool.nolocals                   (default: false)                   ($GETH_TXPOOL_NOLOCALS)
          Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions

    --txpool.pricebump value            (default: 10)                      ($GETH_TXPOOL_PRICEBUMP)
          Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction

    --txpool.pricelimit value           (default: 1)                       ($GETH_TXPOOL_PRICELIMIT)
          Minimum gas price tip to enforce for acceptance into the pool

    --txpool.rejournal value            (default: 1h0m0s)                  ($GETH_TXPOOL_REJOURNAL)
          Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal

   VIRTUAL MACHINE


    --stateless-self-validation         (default: false)                   ($GETH_STATELESS_SELF_VALIDATION)
          Generate execution witnesses and self-check against them (testing purpose)

    --vmdebug                           (default: false)                   ($GETH_VMDEBUG)
          Record information useful for VM and contract debugging

    --vmtrace value                                                        ($GETH_VMTRACE)
          Name of tracer which should record internal VM operations (costly)

    --vmtrace.jsonconfig value          (default: "{}")                    ($GETH_VMTRACE_JSONCONFIG)
          Tracer configuration (JSON)

    --vmwitnessstats                    (default: false)                   ($GETH_VMWITNESSSTATS)
          Enable collection of witness trie access statistics (automatically enables
          witness generation)


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